電荷轉(zhuǎn)移技術(shù)

電荷轉(zhuǎn)移系統(tǒng)的定義

Darwin N. Sletten — 2012 年 8 月

電荷轉(zhuǎn)移系統(tǒng)（CTS?）是一種旨在防止在保護(hù)區(qū)或區(qū)域內(nèi)發(fā)生雷擊的系統(tǒng)?。CTS從地球指定的保護(hù)區(qū)收集雷暴云產(chǎn)生的感應(yīng)電荷，并通過電離器將該電荷轉(zhuǎn)移到周圍的空氣中。浸入靜電場(chǎng)中的尖點(diǎn)將電荷從電離器轉(zhuǎn)移到空氣中的過程稱為點(diǎn)放電。由此產(chǎn)生的電離空氣分子形成帶電和不帶電分子的混合物，稱為空間電荷，其作用是在風(fēng)暴單元和場(chǎng)地之間形成屏蔽層。由此產(chǎn)生的受保護(hù)地點(diǎn)和風(fēng)暴云之間的電位差減小，從而延緩了從受保護(hù)地點(diǎn)向上流光的形成，并防止了直接撞擊。

對(duì)比圖

CTS 由一個(gè)或多個(gè)電離器、引下線和電荷收集器組成，如下所述。

電荷收集器是由接地電極和導(dǎo)體組成的互連系統(tǒng)，旨在收集電荷并將其輸送到離子發(fā)生器。引下線在電荷收集器和電離器之間提供電氣連接。電離器提供了一種發(fā)生點(diǎn)放電的方法。

根據(jù) CTS 的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)，轉(zhuǎn)移到空氣中的電荷可以以以下兩種模式之一起作用：

• 收集模式;為閃電引線建立首選導(dǎo)電路徑。

• 預(yù)防模式;將電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度降低到延遲從保護(hù)區(qū)形成向上流光的水平。

下面討論的所有LEC防雷產(chǎn)品都具有CTS的功能。

• 耗散陣列?系統(tǒng)（DAS?）;是我們獲得專利的 CTS 的名稱。DAS 設(shè)計(jì)有不同多點(diǎn)電離器的組合，可在預(yù)防模式下運(yùn)行。

• SBI 是一種多點(diǎn)電離器，可以與 DAS 一起部署，以在預(yù)防模式下運(yùn)行。可以在沒有 DAS 的情況下部署多個(gè) SBI 單元，以便在 CTS 收集模式下運(yùn)行。SBI 通常成組安裝在高架結(jié)構(gòu)上。

• SBT 是一種多點(diǎn)電離器，可以與 DAS 一起部署，以在預(yù)防模式下運(yùn)行。可以在沒有 DAS 的情況下部署多個(gè) SBT，以便在 CTS 收集模式下運(yùn)行。SBT 設(shè)計(jì)用于放置在屋頂和屋頂投影上，容易受到直接雷擊。

• 離子等離子發(fā)生器 （IPG?） 是一種多點(diǎn)電離器?，僅在收集模式下運(yùn)行。

使用適當(dāng)間隔的電離點(diǎn)的電離電流

Darwin N. Sletten — 2012 年 8 月

花鍵球端子? （SBT?）;是電荷轉(zhuǎn)移系統(tǒng)（CTS）系列中的單點(diǎn)電離器。由于它的設(shè)計(jì)在裝置上的電離點(diǎn)數(shù)量有限，因此它屬于 CTS 操作的集合。如果點(diǎn)數(shù)顯著增加并有效分布在更大的區(qū)域，則可將其歸類為預(yù)防 CTS。通過對(duì)比測(cè)試，在單電離點(diǎn)空氣終端和具有近電離點(diǎn)間距的多點(diǎn)電離器上，具有適當(dāng)點(diǎn)間距的SBT（CTS）具有更大的電離能力。

上海防雷檢測(cè)公司，上海消防檢測(cè)公司，上海避雷裝置檢測(cè)，上海防雷中心，上海市防雷中心，上海市氣象局，上海氣象局，上海消防局，上海防雷檢測(cè)報(bào)告

使用以下電離點(diǎn)配置進(jìn)行測(cè)試：

1. 花鍵球端子 （SBT）。SBT 有 80 個(gè)電離點(diǎn)，它們間隔成一個(gè)球，每個(gè)電離點(diǎn)與其他電離點(diǎn)相距約 4 英寸。

2. 多電離點(diǎn)負(fù)離子發(fā)生器。該離子發(fā)生器具有數(shù)百個(gè)電離點(diǎn)，在半球配置中間隔大致。

3. 單電離點(diǎn)空氣終端（避雷針 每個(gè)電離器都放置在同一個(gè)測(cè)試臺(tái)上，頂部電離點(diǎn)設(shè)置在距離正電壓源 7.5 英寸處。

增加電壓以產(chǎn)生 0 至 75 kV/m 的局部電場(chǎng)，同時(shí)測(cè)量每個(gè)離散電壓下的放電電流。 在 6 個(gè)不同的電壓電平下記錄測(cè)量值。比較圖顯示了每個(gè)電離器的放電電流和施加電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度的比較。

負(fù)離子發(fā)生器的比較

如上圖所示，隨著電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度的增加，SBT 產(chǎn)生的電離電流是空氣終端產(chǎn)生的電離電流的 2.1 到 3.6 倍。同樣，SBT 產(chǎn)生的電離電流是緊密間隔多點(diǎn)電離器的 1.2 到 1.6 倍。該測(cè)試表明，與其他具有近點(diǎn)間距的多點(diǎn)電離器相比，具有優(yōu)化點(diǎn)間距的 SBT 顯然具有更出色的電離能力，并且電離能力遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于單電離點(diǎn)。

CHARGE TRANSFER TECHNOLOGY

Definition of Charge Transfer System

Darwin N. Sletten — August 2012

A Charge Transfer System? (CTS?) is a system intended to prevent a lightning strike from occurring within a protected zone or area. The CTS collects the induced charge developed by thunderstorm clouds from a designated protected area of the earth and transfers this charge through the ionizer into the surrounding air. The process whereby a sharp point immersed in an electrostatic field transfers charge from the ionizer into the air is known as point discharge. The resulting ionized air molecules form a mixture of charged and uncharged molecules known as space charge, which acts to form a shield between the storm cell and the site. The resulting difference in electrical potential between the protected site and the storm clouds is reduced thereby delaying the formation of an upward streamer from the protected site and preventing direct strikes.

Comparison Graph

The CTS consists of one or more ionizers, down conductor, and charge collector, as described below.

The charge collector is an interconnected system of grounding electrodes and conductor designed to collect and funnel electrical charge to the ionizers. The down conductor(s) provide the electrical connection between the charge collector and the ionizers. The ionizers provide a means for point discharge to occur.

Depending on the CTS design objectives, the charges transferred to the air can act in one of two modes as follows:

• Collection Mode; establishes a preferred conductive path for the lightning leader.

• Prevention Mode;reduces the electric field intensity to the level that delays the formation of an upward streamer from the protected area.

All LEC lightning prevention products, discussed below, function as CTS.

• Dissipation Array? System (DAS?); is the name for our patented a CTS. The DAS is designed with a combination of different multipoint ionizers to function in the Prevention Mode.

• SBI's are a multipoint ionizer that can be deployed along with DAS to function in the Prevention Mode.  Multiple units of SBIs can be deployed without DAS to function in the CTS Collection Mode. SBI's are normally mounted in groups on elevated structures.

• SBTs are a multipoint ionizer that can be deployed along with DAS to function in the Prevention Mode.; Multiple SBTs can be deployed without DAS to function in the CTS Collection Mode.; SBT's are designed to be placed on roofs and roof projections subject to a direct lightning strike.

• Ion Plasma Generators? (IPG?) are a multipoint ionizer that functions only in the Collection Mode.

Ionization Current Using Properly Spaced Ionizing Points

Darwin N. Sletten — August 2012

A Spline Ball Terminal? (SBT?); is a single multipoint ionizer in the Charge Transfer System (CTS) family. Because it is designed with a limited number of ionizing points on the unit, it falls into the collection of CTS operation. If the number of points were increased significantly and distributed effectively over a larger area, it may be classified in the prevention of the CTS. A comparative test was conducted to illustrate the greater ionization capability of the SBT (CTS) with proper point spacing over a single ionizing point air terminal and a multipoint ionizer with close ionizing point spacing.

Testing was performed using the following ionizing point configurations:

1. The Spline Ball Terminal (SBT). The SBT has 80 ionizing points which are spaced into a ball with each ionizing point separated from the others by approximately 4 inches.

2. Multi ionizing-point ionizer. This ionizer has several hundred ionizing points spaced approximately apart in a hemispheric configuration.

3. A single-ionizing-point air terminal (lightning rod Each ionizer was placed in the same test bed with the top ionizing point set 7.5 inches from the positive voltage source.

The voltage was increased to produce a local electric field from 0 to 75 kV/m while the discharge current was measured at each discrete voltage. Measurements were recorded at 6 different voltage levels. The Comparison graph shows a comparison of the discharge current and applied electric field strength for each ionizer.